Spatial index

GeoPandas offers built-in support for spatial indexing using an R-Tree algorithm. Depending on the ability to import pygeos, GeoPandas will either use pygeos.STRtree or rtree.index.Index. The main interface for both is the same and follows the pygeos model.

GeoSeries.sindex creates a spatial index, which can use the methods and properties documented below.

Constructor

GeoSeries.sindex

Generate the spatial index

Spatial Index object

The spatial index object returned from GeoSeries.sindex has the following methods:

intersection(coordinates, *args, **kwargs)	Compatibility wrapper for rtree.index.Index.intersection, use query instead.
is_empty	Check if the spatial index is empty
nearest(*args, **kwargs)	Return the nearest geometry in the tree for each input geometry in geometry.
query(geometry[, predicate, sort])	Return the index of all geometries in the tree with extents that intersect the envelope of the input geometry.
query_bulk(geometry[, predicate, sort])	Returns all combinations of each input geometry and geometries in the tree where the envelope of each input geometry intersects with the envelope of a tree geometry.
size	Size of the spatial index
valid_query_predicates	Returns valid predicates for this spatial index.

The concrete implementations currently available are geopandas.sindex.PyGEOSSTRTreeIndex and geopandas.sindex.RTreeIndex.

In addition to the methods listed above, the rtree-based spatial index (geopandas.sindex.RTreeIndex) offers the full capability of rtree.index.Index - see the full API in the rtree documentation.

Similarly, the pygeos-based spatial index (geopandas.sindex.PyGEOSSTRTreeIndex) offers the full capability of pygeos.STRtree, including nearest-neighbor queries. See the full API in the PyGEOS STRTree documentation.